Analyse et gestion du cycle de vie
L’industrie laitière s’investit dans le développement de systèmes de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre afin de mesurer l’impact des nombreuses initiatives mises en place.
The carbon and water footprint of the South African Livestock Industry
| Source : Milk SA |
Official GHG emission figures of livestock (including dairy cattle) in South Africa are rather outdated and not based on new methodologies, including Tier 2 calculations as defined by the IPCC and life cycle assessment.
This is now addressed in this project to provide baseline data to the IPCC and for use by the IDF initiative (IDF guide to standard lifecycle assessment methodology for the dairy sector), as well as a much larger project with the title: “Investigations into the probable effect of climate change on the Livestock Industry and its contribution to green house gas emissions and water usage in South Africa”.
This project focuses on the period 2011-2060 which is of relevance to the present and next generation of farmers. Predictions and estimations for this period will be done per province and where possible biomes which will then provide a basis to offer assistance and provide mitigation options or initiate such studies.
Processing and Packaging Life Cycle Assessment - USA
| Source : Innovation Center For US Dairy |
Processing and Packaging Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of ten projects the U.S. dairy industry have launched to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) across the entire supply chain.
The goal of this project is to help determine the environmental impact of a range of packaging formations and processing technologies for fluid milk. This information will assist in the development of sustainable solutions for future processes and packing designs. By 2020, the Processing and Packaging LCA project’s objective is to develop science-based data for improved decision making.
For more, see the attached file and follow the link.
Role of packaging in improving the sustainability of cheese supply chain - Italy
| Source : Sealed Air Corporation |
Smartlife® Sustainability Consultancy Services has performed a specific life cycle assessment (LCA) at Agriform, an important cheese customer of Sealed Air Corporation, located in Italy. The study looked into the role packaging has in improving the sustainability of hard cheese portion packs along the entire supply chain and highlighted key carbon footprint reduction drivers such as:
- Reduced packaging weight;
- Reduced package volume;
- Allocation of carbon footprint of secondary packaging to more packs per box;
- Allocation of transport emissions to more packs per truck.
In addition, the study identified a significant sustainability “hot spot”, which is the relationship between quantity of grated cheese produced (lower value by-product as a result of chunk production process) and the type of packaging requested by market.
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Arla Foods work with lifecycle assessment (LCA) and carbon footprint (CF) - Denmark, Sweden and the UK
| Source : Arla Foods |
Three major LCA and CF projects have been commissioned in Arla Foods.
1. A PhD student has been employed by Arla Foods to analyse GHG emissions
2. Arla is a partner in the Climate Friendly Milk Production’ project with the aim of reducing emissions at farm level
3. Started a project to develop a more detailed GHG model to calculate carbon footprint at farm level
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Arla Foods work with emissions reductions
| Source : Arla Foods |
- Arla’s climate target to reduce GHG emissions by 25% in production, transport and packaging in 2020;
- Every year Arla calculates the total carbon footprint from farm to factory;
- In 2010: a 6.2% reduction was achieved;
- A new project has started to develop a model to calculate the carbon footprint at farm level.
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Fonterra Emissions Variation Assessment - New Zealand
| Source : Fonterra |
Fonterra was aware that there were large variations in the emissions efficiency levels of the company’s milk supply, even within a single region. Previous studies also showed that the lowest emissions farmers were also the most profitable. This variation represented potential emissions reductions – if every farmer could perform at the efficiency level of the best farmers, emissions could be greatly reduced while farmers could increase profit.
Before developing supplier extension programmes, Fonterra wanted to find out if these variations were driven by different farm conditions, such as rainfall, topography, temperature and soil type, or due to different farm management. Fonterra commissioned AgResearch to answer this question. AgResearch took a sample of farms from five different regions in New Zealand that were known to have different average emissions (149 farms in total). AgResearch then performed carbon footprint analysis for each farm. Using farm information they were then able to conclude that carbon footprint variations were predominantly management driven.
This is good news for Fonterra as it means there is a large potential to work with dairy farmers to reduce the carbon footprint of the company’s milk supply, while also improving farm economics, simply through improving dairy farm management. Fonterra is applying this knowledge to development of programmes that support farmers in making further emissions reductions and reducing between farm emissions variation.
On-farm Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of GHG emissions - France
| Source : IDF National Committee of France |
Action
A life cycle assessment of GHG emissions on 326 specialized dairy farms which represent the whole diversity of production systems in France was carried out in 2010. The work aimed to identify the key action points for a reduction of GHG emissions, such as dairy cow replacement rate, use of leguminous plants, optimisation of pasture use, frequency of excrement scraping etc.
Results
The net carbon footprint of French dairy farms is comprised between 0.7 and 1.2 kg CO2 per litre of milk. There are important differences between production systems as well as between dairy farms within the same system. Important proportion of carbon is sequestered under pastureland and in hedges. See also the file below:
Tool for the evaluation of on-farm GHG emission (GES'TIM) - France
| Source : IDF National Committee of France |
The Livestock Institute developed a specific method to assess the impact of climate change, based on the GES'TIM methodological framework. It was applied to a sample of bovine specialised farms in dairy and meat production from the French Breeding Network database. Calculations were made with the objective to establish specific data for each farm.
This work provides references about greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration for farms in the various production systems. The French dairy systems display raw carbon footprints between 1.19 and 1.31 kg CO2eq. per liter of milk produced and a compensation of carbon sequestration ranging from 4 to 31 % (net carbon footprints from 0.84 to 1.15 kg CO2eq.). For more details see the attached paper:
DairyCo project to establish an annual average carbon footprint figure for GB milk production
| Source : DairyCo |
This project funded by DairyCo works with the E-CO2 Project to identify key 'hot spots' on-farm to improve business efficiency, which will automatically reduce the farm’s carbon footprint.
The baseline measurement for carbon footprints of the 415 dairy farms involved in the study has been undertaken and will be reported in July 2011. The final reports for year two and three of the project will be issued in January 2012 and January 2013 respectively.
This important and valuable project also works with the Guidelines for the carbon footprinting of dairy products in the UK (mentioned below) and the IDF guidelines ‘A common carbon footprint approach for Dairy: The IDF guide to standard lifecycle assessment methodology for the dairy sector.
Completion date: Spring 2013
Milk Roadmap carbon footprinting – United Kingdom
| Source : Dairy UK |
Dairy farmers encouraged to calculate the carbon footprint of the farm
Activity and Progress
- DairyCo is currently funding a project to produce six factsheets advising farmers of definitions and explanations of GHG, sources of GHG from dairy systems and what dairy farmers can do to improve their efficiency to reduce emissions. Industry representatives have met to discuss data collation in order to provide the industry with the trends in carbon equivalent outputs from dairy farms. There are currently 3 accredited (or very close to accreditation) carbon footprinting models.
Measurement
- Retail / dedicated group figures / farm consultants
Target Status
- Currently gathering data
Guidelines for the carbon footprinting of dairy products in the United Kingdom
| Source : DairyCo |
Initiated in 2009 by DairyCo, Dairy UK and the Carbon Trust, these guidelines apply the methodology of the Publically Available Specification 2050 (PAS 2050) to ensure that the dairy sector has a common approach to measuring carbon footprints of milk pools and milk fields. The guidelines are available to download from the link below.
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The Path to Sustainable Development – A Strategy for Canadian Dairy Farmers
| Source : Dairy Farmers of Canada |
In July 2010, Canadian dairy farmers adopted a sustainable development strategy to solidify their commitment to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of dairy farming in Canada.
While dairy farmers have long served as environmental stewards, this strategy will direct their efforts to further reduce the dairy farming carbon footprint in Canada. As a start, Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC) is partnering with government, academic institutions and the private sector to fund research on sustainable practices in dairy, including the launch of a lifecycle analysis of the dairy farm sector.
Dairy farmers’ vision for the strategy is:
“Working within the context of a strong supply management system, Canadian dairy farmers will strive to produce safe, nutritious food in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable way to the benefit of Canadian society."
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Tetra Pak's contribution to standardization
| Source : Tetra Pak International |
- Tetra Pak has extensive experience in using life cycle analysis (LCA) both internally to inform its product development and externally to provide independently verified information to customers and stakeholders.
- In 2010, Tetra Pak together with ACE (The Alliance for Beverage Cartons and the Environment) developed Product Category Rules (PCR) setting a common framework for environmental assessment of milk cartons. See www.environdec.com/en/Product-Category-Rules
- Tetra Pak's experts also contributed to the development of IDF’s carbon footprint methodology for the global dairy sector.
- Indicative CO2 footprint data for Tetra Pak packages can be found at Tetra Pak's website www.tetrapak.com/climate
Consistent approach to carbon foot printing on dairy farms – United Kingdom
| Source : DairyCo |
DairyCo commissioned a review of carbon foot printing tools in the market place, based on the concern that there was potentially limited or no comparability between the different systems.
- The report provided the evidence that there was a route to comparability, via collaboration with the Carbon Trust. Many existing tools either had, or were, in the process of seeking ‘accreditation’ from the Carbon Trust.
- DairyCo took the initiative and brought the dairy supply chain (from the farm through to retailers) to share with them the outputs of the study and importantly agree a route forward to ensure consistency in the application of Carbon Foot printing at farm level.
- Agreement was achieved for the Carbon Trust through their Carbon Label Company to standardise and verify on farm foot printing tools and this is now acknowledged as the industry recognised standard. The industry also acknowledges that others may also provide this service in the future. It was also agreed that the industry working group would continue to monitor other developments in this field and recommend back to the supply chain alternative approaches should they prove more appropriate.
- DairyCo continues to act as the independent conduit between the various levels of the industry via the effective operation of this supply chain working group.
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VDM-Leitfaden Umweltschutz und Stand der Molkereitechnik - Germany
| Source : VDM (German Dairy Association or Verband der Deutschen Milchwirtschaft e.V.) |
- Das Genehmigungsrecht für Prozessanlagen der Nahrungsmittelindustrie stellt die Molkereien vor große Herausforderungen. Ausschlaggebend dafür sind die grundlegenden Veränderungen im europäischen und nationalen Umweltschutzrecht. Dieses basiert zunehmend auf den besten verfügbaren Techniken im Umweltschutz. Das Betreiben von Anlagen, die zur Umweltverschmutzung beitragen können, ist genehmigungspflichtig und erfordert unter Umständen eine Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung.
- Die nationalen Genehmigungsbehörden sollen sich dabei an den EU-Dokumenten zur besten verfügbaren Technik (BREF-Dokumente) orientieren und entsprechend umweltfreundliche Maßnahmen einleiten. Der VDM war in den letzten zehn Jahren aktiv an der Erarbeitung dieser Basisdokumente beim Europäischen Umweltbüro in Sevilla beteiligt und steht im intensiven Erfahrungsaustausch mit der Zulieferindustrie, aber auch beratend tätigen Ingenieuren. Die Arbeitsgruppe Technik hat die europäischen Anforderungen für die deutsche Milchwirtschaft aufbereitet. Der neue Leitfaden „Umweltschutz und Stand der Molkereitechnik“ ist die Grundlage für die praktische Abwicklung eines Genehmigungsverfahrens und den Umgang mit dem gesetzlichen Regelwerk und Behörden.
Milk Roadmap annual sustainability report – United Kingdom
| Source : Dairy UK |
Annual sustainability report:
- With the data collected from the benchmarking tool Dairy UK will publish an annual sustainability report, demonstrating performance improvements over time (year on year) against the environmental KPIs relating to a wide range of environmental metrics including, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, packaging and waste. This report will reiterate the commitment of the processing sector to meeting the targets set out in the milk roadmap.
Target Status:
- Data is being collected and aim is to publish first report in 2009
Milk Roadmap Environmental Stewardship – United Kingdom
| Source : Dairy UK |
Target: Increasing uptake of ELS (50% of farmland by 2010; 65% by 2015)
Activity and Progress
- Natural England data has revealed that almost 4,500 dairy farmers are currently part of an Environmental Stewardship Scheme.
- Encouraging dairy farmers to participate in the Entry Level Scheme remains a priority. However, the removal of management plans from ELS was a serious blow to dairy farmers, reducing the number of dairy farms which would be eligible to apply. As a result the NFU, DairyCo, Dairy UK, EA and RABDF produced a promotional leaflet in June 2008. The leaflet, ‘Dairy Farming and the Entry Level Scheme’ highlights the benefits of ELS to dairy farming, the 50 different options available to gain points and an overview of the application process. The leaflet also provides a farm case study, highlighting that ELS on dairy farms can prove to be both environmentally and economically worthwhile.
- It is proposed to amend the target to include % of dairy farmers, as well as % of farmland. Improved data sets are now available, but both figures are needed to monitor any change in % of farmland in the scheme as dairy farmers continue to leave the industry.
Measurement
- Official uptake figures and percentage data are available from Natural England (NE). They agreed to provide regular updates. Proposal to update target to total number of dairy farms in light of change in NE reporting.
Target Status
- On target: 4462 currently = 45% of dairy farmers
Environmental Plan for Dairy Farming (EPDF) – United Kingdom
| Source : DairyCo |
- DairyCo provide the secretariat to the EPDF. This initiative was a precursor to the England Milk Roadmap in that it started the industry working towards environmental objectives as opposed to the traditional production related focus. The EPDF now has the extremely important role of measuring and reporting against specific farm based targets of the Milk Roadmap. A first year report has just been published as a result of contributions of this group. The group co-ordinates the industry to help dairy farmers meet present and future environmental challenges by encouraging them to use new schemes and tools.
- The EPDF involves representative bodies such as the National Farmers Union, farm supply organisations and Government agencies such as the Environment Agency. This ensures the positive efforts made by the dairy industry gets maximum coverage and, importantly, common understanding of progress or where further joint effort may be required to achieve the agreed targets.
Project: greening the supply chain – United Kingdom
| Source : Dairy UK |
- The Greener for Life (GFL) scheme run by West Country dairy farmer Winston Reed, tells consumers that food carrying the GFL logo has been produced, processed and retailed according to a tough environmental code.
- Pilots are under way with a supermarket and more than 100 dairy farmers.
DLG Certificate "Sustainable Agriculture – Fit for the Future" certificate - Germany
| Source : IDF National Commitee of Germany |
With the support of the German environmental foundation Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (BDU), the Technical University Munich-Weihenstephan, the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg and the Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (Institut für Nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung e.V), the DLG e.V. (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft – German Agricultural Society) has developed the "Sustainable Agriculture – Fit for the Future" certificate
The objective is to disseminate the principle of sustainability in agriculture and the food chain with consideration given to the following aspects:
- Protection of soil, water, air and biodiversity
- Improvement of climate impacts and energy efficiency
- Optimising of fertilising and plant protection
- Strengthening of cost effectiveness and competitiveness
- Advanced training for farm managers and farm staff
- Food safety and hygiene.
Environmental compatibility, cost effectiveness and social acceptance of agricultural enterprises are promoted; ecology, economics and social affairs are all assessed equally.
The DLG Sustainability Certificate shows customers of these farms that this is where raw materials for food and energy are produced sustainably!
Life cycle analysis and Management - Greece
| Source : IDF National Committee of Greece |
Development of a global standard for measuring monitoring and reducing GHG emissions: Collaboration with FAO, ISO, OIE, UNEP and other dairy and environmental organizations.
Carbon footprint analysis and GHG research – New Zealand
| Source : Fonterra |
Have cracked the genome sequence of the microbe which generates methane in rumen of livestock (total investment $35m)
An additional $10m committed to confirm efficacy of nitrification inhibitors
Completed an 18-month study of the carbon footprint / whole life cycle of major dairy products sourced from New Zealand
Results will allow us to target further emissions reductions
Important step towards getting carbon footprint measuring methodology agreed with key international dairy organisations
Key findings:
- Carbon footprint of liquid milk is 940g of CO2 equivalent per litre
- GHG emissions breakdown:
- 85 per cent from the farm
- 10 per cent from processing/manufacturing
- 5 per cent from distribution
Bega Cheese Limited - Australia
| Source : Bega Cheese |
Bega Cheese has undertaken an:
- Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of a one kilogram block of cheese from Farm to Customer and;
- LCA assessment of current wastewater farm irrigation practices versus secondary treatment and disposal - All factory wastewater used to irrigate pasture close to the factory
Participating in and supporting research - Sweden
| Source : Swedish Dairy Association |
The Swedish Dairy Association support research on GHG-emission reductions through the Swedish Farmers Foundation for Agricultural Research in the following areas:
- Life-cycle analysis of milk and dairy products
- Locally produced feed
- Manure storage and handling
- GHG-emissions from cow stables
- Carbon sequestration in natural pastures
Life Cycle Assessment and Management - France
| Source : IDF National Committee of France |
Context
The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development has undertaken to issue information on the environmental impact of consumer goods
Action
Ongoing work for the elaboration of a methodology of environmental evaluation for convenience goods, based on life cycle assessment and enabling one to appreciate the impact of 3 or 4 environmental criteria, including carbon footprint of products:
Professional experimentation associating food industry and distribution. Test on 150 products including about ten dairy products.
Platform within the French standards organization including a specific food group.
Leader
ADEME, French Normalisation Agency, industry (including the dairy industry) and retailers.
Impact
Project of mandatory environmental labelling in France in 2011
Desktop review of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farming - United Kingdom
| Source : DairyCo |
- This is a detailed desktop review of current research knowledge on the three main greenhouse gas emissions emanating from Dairy Farming. This review was designed to improve industry knowledge and aid the planning of future research and extension activities for dairy farmers. The project also included ammonia which is not a greenhouse gas but requires further investigation to determine its impact on the environment.
- This project enabled the industry to l identify gaps in knowledge that existed in the research field. It also provided the necessary basis for the generation of farmer focused information and initiatives that improved existing knowledge and introduced new concepts on mitigation and adaptation alternatives.
- Completed December 2008
Environment Protection Agency: General program for 2010 to 2013 - Iran
| Source : IDF National Committee of Iran |
Goal: Biological diversity index should be close to global standard
To prepare and confirm guidance for calculation of the:
- Value and cost of forest, water, soil, energy, biological diversity resources, and
- Environmental contamination for the sensitive points,
in order to determine the economical worth of environmental goods and costs of contamination and other ecological burden by the Environmental Protection Agency during its fourth program (2010 to 2013).
Saputo Environment policy - Canada
| Source : Saputo |
- Saputo initiated other projects over the fiscal year to contribute to the preservation of our environment. These initiatives were aimed mainly at reducing the consumption of our two main sources of energy, electricity and natural gas.
- Saputo is committed to pursuing environmentally responsible business practices and is continuously seeking improvement in its environmental performance.
- Saputo adopted an Environmental Policy in 2006. This policy, which is reviewed periodically, applies to our day-to-day operations.
Analysis of silvopastoral systems in Itambé - Brazil
| Source : Itambé |
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Performing Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) within the Dairy Sector - Darigold, USA
| Source : Darigold |
Performing Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) covering all activities spanning the dairy supply chain
- LCA is the investigation of and valuation of the environmental, economic and social impacts of a product or service
Compiling actual footprint for C02 emissions, energy and water establishes a baseline for improvement
- Values expressed in unit of measure
- Yields visibility to where most significant improvement opportunities lie
As an important tool due to many compelling factors:
- Rising energy prices
- Key customers expressing interest
- Can drive profitability through greater efficiencies
- Elevated consumer awareness
- Actual environmental impacts of operations
- Regulatory uncertainty
- Employee retention
Key Darigold Sustainability Initiatives - USA
| Source : Darigold |
Corporate Social Responsibility Report
- We are targeting Publishing December 2009 – Internal Reporting only
- Will serve as educational platform for key internal stakeholders in developing awareness of NDA/Darigold imperatives, current status and future expectations with regard to social/community responsibility, environmental stewardship and economic prosperity
- We have committed to achieving more advanced CSR reports in future years as we progress our sustainability efforts
Sustainability Index is being developed as a composite index of actual performance gains being realized in multiple performance areas
- Index reset annually to reflect emerging understanding of key stakeholder priorities
- Index reflects our pathway of continuous improvement
Darigold’s Sustainability Journey - USA
| Source : Darigold |
Sustainability Strategic Initiative launched in September 2008:
- Consulting Group specializing in the arena brought into company
- Initiative ownership structure established
- Project sponsors identified comprising company executives, symbolizing advocacy and support from senior management group
- Communication efforts underway to elevate awareness and desire at all levels
Significant early focus on development of key sustainability performance measures. Selection criteria include:
- Relevant to our strategic business priorities
- Alignment with key customer expectations and competitor positioning
- Meet minimum GRI (Global reporting initiative framework) guidelines
- Provide for coherency in accounting of (LCA) life cycle assessment measures that span the supply chain
- Measures represent a baseline from which improvement goals can be established
- Measures embedded in corporate strategy and performance system framework
Measures are comprised of:
- LCA (Life cycle assessment) measures that span the supply chain
- Those that are function specific
Lactalis at the environmental level - France
| Source : Lactalis |
- The dairy industry has a particular responsibility because of its heavy industrial activities, but also due to the fact that production units are often located in delicate rural areas where respecting environmental standards is essential.
- It is for this reason that water and energy consumption and waste management are very carefully monitored by Lactalis. An annual appraisal of water and energy consumption is systematically carried out for all sites, which has so far recorded year-on-year improvements for all criteria. There has been considerable investment in purification during recent years, as this is a sensitive issue for rural areas. This has led to far greater control over waste in all the Group’s large production units.
- Efforts in this area have been rewarded by seven sites being certified as conforming to ISO standard 14001. This initial Group will shortly be joined by others
Safety and environment policies – Royal FrieslandCampina
| Source : Royal FrieslandCampina |
- Part of FrieslandCampina’s policies is to implement the safety and environmental policies for staff systematically. All facilities in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany have introduced an environmental system. Some of these facilities have been ISO 14001 certified and some have been assessed by Lloyd’s to establish whether they satisfy the ISO14001 management system.
- The environmental management programme is rolled out globally. Production plants have been certified in Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. The intention is to bring all FrieslandCampina facilities in Russia, the United States and the Far East up to ISO 14001 level. Where staff safety is concerned, many facilities now apply the systematic approach under OHSAS 180000
Royal FrieslandCampina N.V. Annual Report 2008
NDA – Darigold corporate measure - USA
| Source : Darigold |
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Calculating GHG emissions in the dairy sector – SAI Platform
| Source : SAI Platform |
In 2008, SAI Platform’s Dairy Working Group identified Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions as one of the main topics to be tackled urgently.
The SAI Platform’s Dairy Working Group supports the desire to standardise ‘carbon footprint’ methods; however, such standardization should be internationally agreed and should accommodate goal and sector-specific considerations where appropriate.
The purpose was not to review the specific data and results, but rather to gain insight into the methodological approaches used in the absence of any standardized / sector approaches, specifically:
- The degree of commonality between the studies (methods, critical choices, scope and system boundaries etc.)
- The opportunity for harmonization of approaches
